Degenerative Myelopathy in German Shepherds (Hind-Leg Weakness)

Is your older German Shepherd a little wobbly on its back legs? One possible cause is degenerative myelopathy (DM), a slow spinal cord disease, and this breed is one of the most often affected [1][2][4]. Here's what it is and when to see a vet.

What is degenerative myelopathy?

• A slow breakdown of nerve fibres and their coating in the spinal cord [1].
• It causes hind-leg weakness and loss of coordination that gets worse over time [2].
• It usually starts around age eight or older [2].

Is it the same as hip dysplasia?

No. Both can change how an older dog walks, but they are different conditions [2]. Only a vet can tell them apart.

How does a dog get DM?

It's not an infection, and it doesn't spread between dogs. It's inherited and linked to a gene called SOD1 [1][2].

The twist: inheritance is "incomplete". A dog can carry two copies of the gene change and still never get sick [1][2].

Is there a genetic test?

Yes. A DNA test shows whether a dog carries zero, one or two copies of the SOD1 change [2][3]. Remember:

• A result shows risk, not a diagnosis [1][2].
• Testing breeding dogs is the main way to lower risk [2][3].
• Getting a puppy? Ask if the parents were tested [2][3].

Did you know? One early clue can be on the floor, not the dog: scuffed or worn nails on the back feet, from toes dragging as it walks [2].

When should I see a vet?

See a licensed vet if your dog shows:

• Slow-building weakness or wobbling in the back legs [2].
• Back toenails that scuff or drag [2].
• Growing trouble getting up or walking over several months [2].

DM is not an emergency like bloat. But new hind-leg weakness should always be checked, because other spine or joint problems, some treatable, can look similar at first [1][2].

FAQ

Why are my German Shepherd's back legs giving out?

There can be many reasons, including DM and other spine or joint problems [1][2]. A vet can tell which.

Does a positive genetic test mean my dog will get DM?

No. It shows risk only [1][2].

Can DM be cured or slowed?

This page doesn't cover treatment. Please talk to a licensed vet about your dog.